For such a tiny country, the Netherlands sure has produced an impressive amount of famous painters. You’d think a homegrown talent roster of icons like Van Gogh, Vermeer, Mondrian, Bosch, and Bruegel, would be enough. But you can’t tell the story of Dutch art history without mentioning the famous paintings of Rembrandt.
Rembrandt was a prolific painter, whose oeuvre stretched across a diverse range of subject matter. His work is characterized by a stark division of light and shadow to create a brooding duskiness – a technique known as chiaroscuro – that’s just as beguiling now as it was in the 1600s.
Rembrandt is remembered for his ability to conjure breathtaking landscapes, dramatic historical scenes, biblical allegories, and Classical mythology, with a murky atmosphere haunting every brushstroke. He also liked to draw elephants.
So let’s explore the crème de la crème of Rembrandt’s painted creations. Brace yourselves as we unravel the secrets behind the top 10 most famous Rembrandt paintings!
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1. The Night Watch
There are a lot of famous Rembrandt paintings at Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum, but the museum’s piece de resistance is unquestionably the atmospheric masterpiece, Militia Company of District II under the Command of Captain Frans Banninck Cocq. Never heard of it? That’s probably because it’s better known by its nickname: The Night Watch.
The painting hangs within its own dedicated mini gallery at the end of the Rijksmuseum’s hallowed Gallery of Honour. Measuring a whopping 3.63 x 4.37 meters, The Night Watch is, to use the proper Fine Art nomenclature, gimongous. It portrays a merry band of musketeers from Amsterdam’s kloveniers civic guard militia in 1642, getting ready to begin their rounds of the city.
Contrary to the established norms of military group portraiture, which tended to emphasize sober uniformity within the ranks, Rembrandt painted a scene that oozes atmosphere, character, and dynamism. The Night Watch seems to leap from its enormous canvas, with personality and purpose afforded to each of the subjects. Before The Night Watch, military group paintings were all a bit like those awkward class yearbook photos.
During World War II, The Night Watch was moved to St. Peter’s Caves in Maastricht, along with a number of other artworks and masterpieces, so the Nazis would not loot them. The painting has been vandalized several times over the years, with a knife slashing and an acid attack both leaving scars on the masterpiece.
Thankfully The Night Watch has been faithfully restored to its broody best. In case of an emergency or attempted art theft, there is also a failsafe trap door on the floor beneath the painting, which can be lowered into at a moment’s notice.
So be quick! Grab a ticket to see it before it vanishes into the floor!
2. The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
Nowadays, if you want to study human bodies in their fleshy glory up close in the Netherlands, you need only book a ticket for the Body Worlds Exhibition, or – at a stretch – a tour of the BonTon club! But back in the 17th century, one’s options for ogling the inner workings of the human form were significantly more limited. And by limited, I mean, dressing up like Amish vampires and huddling in a circle around a corpse in a loincloth. At least that’s according to the famous Rembrandt painting The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp.
Like all historical overachievers determined to make you feel bad for your life’s accomplishments, Rembrandt was only 25 years old when he was commissioned to paint this group portrait demonstrating the cutting-edge of 17th-century medical science. The painting depicts a group of surgeons in training, who clearly all share the same beard barber, hunched around the grey remains of a fresh cadaver – presumably executed for his beard not being pointy enough.
As with The Night Watch, Rembrandt portrayed a dynamic scene of the surgeons in action, rather than simply posing in static uniformity. Each of the trainee surgeons depicted in the scene appears to be engaged with varying degrees of grotesque fascination about what is taking place on the slab before them. Back in those days, there was only one public dissection permitted per year, so the intensity of the men’s expressions is to be expected. But as with many famous Rembrandt paintings, there’s more going on here than meets the eye – literally!
Three of the men have their gazes fixed on the textbook in the foreground of the painting. One man locks eyes with the lead surgeon, one man fixates on the dissected forearm, and the two men to the back of the group lock eyes with the viewer or the artist. Great! But what does it all mean in the context of this scientific scene?
One interpretation is that each of the aforementioned gazes represents a different approach to attaining knowledge. There is the one man who seeks didactic knowledge from the teacher; the one man who seeks direct understanding of the cadaver in front of him, by looking at it directly; the three men staring at the textbook for images and text to help them see what is actually in front of them.
There are also two men who stare out of the scene at the artist, or the viewer, breaking the fourth wall with placid, knowing expressions that see the artist at work, doubling down on the idea that we need images, art, and thinking outside of the given frame for a full understanding of reality.
Damn, Rembrandt. That’s deep, man.
3. Self-Portrait with Two Circles
In the 17th century, before AI face-swapping and Instagram filters, Rembrandt mastered the art of the self-portrait with his iconic “Self-Portrait with Two Circles.”
In this famous Rembrandt painting, the artist gives a masterclass in self-appreciation. The two mysterious circles in the background? Some say they represent the lens of his artistic insight.
In a world where self-portraits were a means of self-expression and reflection, Rembrandt’s Self-Portrait with Two Circles stands out as a bold statement. The composition, with Rembrandt firmly holding his palette and brushes, captures not just an image but the essence of what it is to be an artist.
The two circles, often debated among art enthusiasts, add an enigmatic touch. Are they windows to the artist’s soul or a visual representation of his artistic process? As viewers, we become witnesses to Rembrandt’s introspective journey, making this self-portrait not just a snapshot but a deep exploration of identity.
4. The Jewish Bride: 17th-Century Romance
The Jewish Bride, captures a poignant moment steeped in biblical inspiration. The painting, also known as “Isaac and Rebecca,” draws from the biblical narrative of the love story between Isaac and Rebecca, highlighting Rembrandt’s ability to infuse rich narrative depth into his art. The scene portrays an intimate moment between a couple, believed to be the biblical figures Isaac and Rebecca. This composition goes beyond a mere portrayal of physical likeness, encapsulating the essence of love, connection, and the intertwining of faith and romance.
The biblical reference for “The Jewish Bride” can be traced back to Genesis 26:6-8, recounting the story of Isaac and his wife Rebecca. In this narrative, Isaac, fearing for his life, lies about Rebecca, claiming her to be his sister rather than his wife. King Abimelech, the Philistine king, discovers the truth when he sees Isaac fondly caressing Rebecca, realizing she is more than just a sister. Rembrandt masterfully captures the tenderness and authenticity of the couple’s relationship, transcending the canvas into a tender portrayal of love.
Rembrandt’s “The Jewish Bride” goes beyond a mere historical reenactment, transforming the biblical narrative into a visual poem. The artist’s nuanced approach to the characters and their emotions invites viewers to reflect on the universal themes of love, faith, and the enduring power of human connection.
5. The Storm on the Sea of Galilee: A Biblical Narrative Unveiled
Like The Jewish Bride, Rembrandt’s “The Storm on the Sea of Galilee” is a dramatic portrayal deeply rooted in biblical narrative. This is the moment when Jesus and his disciples were caught in a violent storm on the Sea of Galilee. Rembrandt captures this tumultuous event with striking intensity, showcasing his ability to infuse spiritual depth into his art.
In the biblical story, Jesus and his disciples embark on a boat journey across the Sea of Galilee. Suddenly, a fierce storm arises, causing panic among the disciples as the waves threaten to engulf the boat. In a display of divine authority, Jesus calms the storm, prompting awe and reverence from his followers. Rembrandt’s painting meticulously conveys the chaos of the tempest, with crashing waves, billowing clouds, and the disciples struggling to maintain control of the boat.
“The Storm on the Sea of Galilee” stands as a visual sermon, with Rembrandt translating the emotional and spiritual impact of the biblical event onto the canvas. The play of light and shadow not only enhances the dramatic elements but also symbolizes the divine intervention. Each disciple’s expression reflects a range of emotions – fear, awe, and, ultimately, the realization of Jesus’s extraordinary power over the forces of nature.
The masterpiece, stolen in 1990 from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston remains missing to this day. Beyond its biblical narrative, the painting has become a symbol of loss and intrigue, emphasizing the enduring impact of art theft on cultural heritage.
6. The Syndics of the Drapers’ Guild: Craftsmanship and Serious Business
Rembrandt’s The Syndics of the Drapers Guild is a remarkable depiction of the prosperous textile industry in 17th-century Amsterdam. Often referred to as “The Sampling Officials,” this painting captures a group of cloth merchants engaged in the meticulous assessment of textiles. The composition not only celebrates the craftsmanship of the drapers but also underscores the economic significance of the flourishing cloth trade during Rembrandt’s time.
The historical context of the painting is vividly reflected in meticulous detail. Each draper is portrayed with a distinctive expression and posture, providing a glimpse into the societal roles and dynamics of the textile industry. Rembrandt’s use of light and shadow not only highlights the rich textures of the fabrics but also adds depth to each figure, emphasizing their individual characteristics.
The play of light on the golden chains, the folds of the cloth, and the faces of the drapers showcase Rembrandt’s signature chiaroscuro technique. The attention to detail in the assessment of the cloth reflects the artist’s commitment to realism, turning a seemingly routine business inspection into a captivating visual narrative.
The Syndics of the Drapers’ Guild becomes more than a group portrait; it serves as a historical document, providing a snapshot of the individuals who played pivotal roles in the textile industry. Rembrandt’s ability to elevate a mundane scene into a visually compelling work of art highlights his profound understanding of the societal and economic dynamics of his era, making this painting an enduring representation of the craftsmanship and diligence of the drapers.
7. The Return of the Prodigal Son: A Universal Lesson in Forgiveness
Rembrandt’s “The Return of the Prodigal Son” is a profound exploration of family dynamics and human emotions, again showcasing the artist’s exceptional ability to convey deep narratives through portraiture. The painting draws inspiration from the biblical parable found in the Gospel of Luke, where a wayward son returns to his father, seeking forgiveness and redemption.
While the biblical reference is significant, Rembrandt’s focus extends beyond the religious text. The historical context of the Dutch Golden Age, marked by economic prosperity, is reflected in the opulent attire and setting. The prodigal son, having squandered his wealth, returns in tattered clothing, serving as a poignant contrast to the abundance surrounding him. This choice underscores Rembrandt’s keen awareness of the socio-economic disparities of his time.
Stylistically, Rembrandt employs his characteristic chiaroscuro technique to create a powerful play of light and shadow. The dramatic illumination highlights the emotional core of the scene, emphasizing the expressions of the characters. The father’s compassionate gaze, the prodigal son’s humility, and the enigmatic presence of the obedient son collectively contribute to the painting’s emotional depth.
The Return of the Prodigal Son is a testament to Rembrandt’s ability to transcend religious narratives, offering a universal exploration of forgiveness, redemption, and the complexity of familial relationships. The historical context and stylistic features come together to create a vivid portrayal that resonates beyond its biblical origins, making it a masterpiece that speaks to the shared human experience across different eras.
8. Saskia in a Red Hat: A Celebration of Love
Rembrandt’s “Saskia in a Red Hat” is a captivating portrait that offers a glimpse into the personal and artistic life of the renowned painter. The subject of the painting is Saskia van Uylenburgh, Rembrandt’s own wife and muse. Rendered with exquisite detail and his trademark use of light and shadow, the painting not only showcases Saskia’s physical beauty but also captures the essence of their relationship itself.
Set against a dark background, Saskia stands out, her features illuminated by a soft light. The choice of a red hat becomes a focal point, symbolizing passion and power. Rembrandt’s meticulous attention to detail, from the delicate lace to the gleam in Saskia’s eyes, reflects his commitment to portraying the individuality and character of his subjects.
Stylistically, Rembrandt creates a harmonious interplay of light and shadow that adds depth and dimension to the composition. The painting’s historical context is deeply rooted in the Dutch colonial expansion, an era of flourishing arts and thriving commerce. Saskia, adorned in fashionable attire, becomes not just a representation of beauty but a symbol of the vibrant cultural milieu of the time.
Saskia in a Red Hat is a celebration of love and partnership. Rembrandt’s ability to infuse emotion and personality into his subjects turns this painting into a poignant declaration of affection.
9. Danaë: Mythological Encounter and Artistic Interpretation
Rembrandt’s “Danaë” is an epic exploration of classical mythology, showcasing the artist’s ability to infuse timeless tales with his unique artistic vision. The painting brings to life the mythological story of Danaë, a princess in Greek mythology, who is visited by Zeus in the form of golden rain. Rembrandt’s rendition of this mythological encounter is characterized by his typically rich interplay of light and shadow, creating an ethereal and otherworldly atmosphere. Classic Rembrandt.
In the myth, Danaë’s encounter with Zeus results in the birth of the hero Perseus. Rembrandt’s portrayal captures the moment of divine union, with Danaë lying in bed, bathed in a warm, golden light. The choice of light serves as a metaphor for divine intervention, creating a sense of wonder and awe. Danaë’s contemplative expression reflects a mix of emotions, from astonishment to acceptance, adding depth to the narrative.
Beyond the artistic elements, “Danaë” becomes a visual exploration of the intersection between the sacred and the earthly. Rembrandt’s interpretation of this mythological tale transcends a simple illustration, inviting viewers to contemplate the divine mysteries and the transformative power of myth. “Danaë” stands as a testament to Rembrandt’s ability to breathe life into ancient stories, creating a timeless work of art that resonates with the enduring allure of classical mythology.
10. Self-Portrait with Disheveled Hair
Rembrandt’s “Self-Portrait with Disheveled Hair” is a timely reminder that even history’s greatest artists could sometimes fall afoul of a bad hair day. To be fair to Rembrandt, the options for men’s hair care in the 17th century were somewhat limited. But nothing screams “goblin mode” more than this hilarious haystack hairdo.
In this painting, Rembrandt’s hair takes center stage, defying gravity with the kind of rebellious spirit that hadn’t been seen in the Netherlands since William the Conqueror…… It’s as if Rmebrandt’s unruly mane woke up on the wrong side of the easel, and he decided to let it have its moment in the spotlight.
Stylistically, Rembrandt’s use of light and shadow adds a touch of drama to the hairy extravaganza. This self-portrait invites us to chuckle at the relatable side of a great artist. Behind the brushstrokes and disheveled hair, there’s a sense of humor that transcends centuries.
So, next time you’re having a bad hair day, just remember, that it’s art, actually!
